First, soil and fertilizer management
Red Fuji Orchard generally uses the best fertilizer in the late September, mainly based on soil and fertilizer. The young tree garden with a yield of less than 2000 kg per mu is subject to 2 to 3 kg of kg of fruit, and the yield of 2000 to 3000 kg per mu is 0.5 kg. The kilogram of fertilizer is subject to the standard. The high-yield garden with an output of more than 3,000 kg per mu is subject to kilograms of fruit kilograms and half of fertilizer. When fertilizing, the ratio of fertilization before saplings was nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium=2:1:0, and the ratio of fertilization in the result period was nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium=2:2:1.5, and the fruiting period was nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium= 2:2:4, after 15 to 16 years, the ratio of fertilization was adjusted to nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 2:2:1. In the fertilization method, the young trees can be applied to the acupoints and ditch, and the adult trees can be applied to the furrows or the whole garden. When fertilizing, pay attention to the fertilizer and the soil, and apply the fertilizer to the roots, mainly in the distribution layer (about 40 cm). For the newly planted saplings from the second year, combined with the application of the base fertilizer, the orchard can be deep-turned once, and the tree trays are deep-turned. The tree trays are expanded deeper and deeper throughout the garden, with a depth of 40:60 cm. should. Applying top dressing, the young tree can stop the growth period of the spring shoots and the long-term stop of the autumn shoots to achieve the purpose of supplying short-term bud differentiation and accumulating reserve nutrients. Prevent discretion, promote differentiation, reduce consumption, and expand accumulation. The results of the first tree in the first germination in March (planting 0.5 kg of urea) to apply a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of manure can promote flowering pollination, increase fruit set rate, but also promote spring shoot growth, fruit enlargement and flower bud differentiation, increase yield And quality; the second time in mid-June, the application of appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphate fertilizer can promote fruit set, but also promote the spring shoots to stop growing in time, which is conducive to flowering and fruit development.
Foliar spray fertilizer can be started about 10 days after flowering, spray once every 10 days, and the mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (half) can be sprayed 3 to 4 times to promote early leaves. Leaves and short-leaf leaves), the leaf surface is enlarged and thickened. Spraying 4 times of phosphate fertilizer in the first half and half months before harvesting the fruit can promote fruit coloring, improve flavor and improve quality. After picking fruit, spray 2 times of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent Leaf senescence, improve leaf function and bud body strengthen organic nutrients manufacturing and storage, reduce leaf early drop effect, the optimum temperature for spray fertilizer is 18 °C ~ 25 °C, summer is best before 11 am, after 3 pm, In order to avoid high temperature and phytotoxicity, the spray fertilizer should be carefully and thoughtfully sprayed evenly on the front and back of the blade, especially on the back of the leaf. In order to improve the absorption rate of nutrients, it can be added to the sprayed nutrient solution. Agents, such as neutral detergent powder, rain after spraying, seriously affect the effect, should be replenished in a timely manner, according to the determination of 8 hours after spraying, in case of heavy rain, the total urea remaining on the leaf surface can be washed 80% to 90% The leaf back rinses off 40% to 60%.
Second, water management
The demand for water in fruit trees can be divided into three stages in one year, the first stage from March to mid-May, the second stage from late May to early August, and the third stage after mid-August, before germination in spring. (March) Combined with the application of appropriate amount of fertilizer, it is conducive to stabilizing and improving the ground temperature, promoting the growth of the leaf and flowering fruit and fruit development, so as to achieve relative control of vegetative growth to promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality. You can pour a winter water.
For dryland orchards without watering conditions, the winter leisure season can be used to transport water and water. The current orchard coating, planting grass, grass covering, hole storage fertilizer cover the mulch, and using soil water retention agent and other technical measures are economical and practical for regulating water use. The effect is remarkable.
(Liu Lichun, bud)
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