The tube after the colony is planted

First, field management

1. For the planting plots, it is necessary to select fertile and convenient irrigation and drainage fields, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. At the same time, increase the no-tillage fertilizer by 8-16 kg per mu, 2-3 jins of borax, and 0.5-1 kg of ammonium molybdate.

2. Generally, the seedling age is 25-30 days, and the true leaves are 5-6 pieces. Avoid the age of the seedlings should not be too long, so as to avoid the "flower ball is early" and lose the value of the commodity. Planting should not be too deep, and it is better than half-fingerprint in the seedling stage. Otherwise, the seedlings are not prosperous.

3. The planting density should be suitable. The early maturing varieties should be 2500-3000 per mu, and the mid-late maturity varieties should be 2200-2500. Watering should be done in time after planting.

4. After cultivating seedlings, cultivating once, and then cultivating in time after each watering or after rain, in order to facilitate root growth.

5. Strengthen fertilizer and water management. After planting and living, it is necessary to apply seedling fertilizer, rosette fertilizer and flower bud fertilizer. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor, and high-potassium compound fertilizer was the main medium and late stage. Each period should be equipped with a small bag of no-tillage fertilizer, which increased soil permeability, promoted root growth and development, and enhanced disease resistance and resilience. Usually use the combination of treatment and treatment of insects to improve the use of foliar fertilizer, spray the rare earth holy water or plant protection umbrella every 7-10 days, and then spray the plant protection umbrella plus boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer before and after the flower ball. Increase the number of irrigations in the hot season, and open the lower mouth after each watering to facilitate drainage and flood control.

6. Control pests and diseases. The main pests and diseases in the adult stage are: viral diseases, soft rot, black rot, cabbage caterpillars, aphids and the like. It is necessary to advocate prevention and reduce governance. The preventive measures are as follows: 1 1-2 days before transplanting, spray a medicine in the seedbed: Shantui 007+ agricultural streptomycin + Jingbobao; 2 planting 7-10 days spray once: frost plaque red powder + good side + Kanov (or night pearl) insecticide; 3 spray insecticide every 7-10 days, must choose high-quality, long-acting, low-toxic pesticides, such as: Jingbo Baoer, Kanof , night pearl, eradication, etc.; 4 from the rosette period, spray every 5-7 days, frost plaque red powder + Liang Fang (or Shi Dakang), to prevent soft rot, black rot, black spot, etc., even spray 2 to 3 times. Add a plant umbrella or Shuofeng 481 while spraying to balance plant growth.

Second, the flower ball protection

Flower balls are the final product of cauliflower. From the appearance of the flower ball to the maturity, it usually takes 20-30 days at a suitable temperature of 17-18 °C. If the temperature is too high (greater than 25 °C) or the change of the agglomeration is unfavorable for the formation of the flower ball.

When growing cauliflower, it often encounters "early flowers", "blue flowers", "hair flowers", "purple flowers" and so on. "Early flower" is a flower ball that is formed prematurely due to insufficient nutrient of the plant, which is easy to occur in the cultivation of early-maturing varieties in autumn. "Blue and white" is formed by the green bracts or bracts on the surface of the flower ball. The non-sequential elongation of the style or filament of the flower is a "hair flower", which occurs when the flower ball is nearing maturity, suddenly cooling, warming or heavy fog. When the flower ball is nearing maturity, it suddenly becomes cold, and the conversion of glycosides to anthocyanins causes "purple flowers", which is easy to occur in the purple varieties of seedling hypocotyls. Therefore, in the cultivation process, attention should be paid to nutrition, prevention of "early flowers", strengthening of protective measures, and elimination of "hair flower" and "purple flower".

If the flower bulb is exposed to strong sunlight, the color will change from pure white to light yellow, and sometimes yellow hair and leaflets will grow, reducing the quality. Therefore, in the early stage of flower bulb formation (small flower ball just appeared), the main vein of the big leaf close to the flower ball is folded and covered continuously, and the flower ball is covered. If the leaf is covered with wilting, the leaf should be covered in time. The cauliflower cultivated after the autumn extension should be protected by the bundles before the frost arrives. The bundles of the inner leaves are wrapped with straw to cover the flower bulbs. Note that the bundles should not be too tight, so as not to affect the growth of the bulbs.

Third, timely harvest

The timely harvest of cauliflower directly affects the yield and quality of the flower ball. The harvest varies depending on the variety and cultivation season. The early and middle-maturing varieties of flower bulbs form faster, and can be harvested 11 to 25 days after the flowering, while the late-maturing varieties take about 1 month and should be harvested in time.

The criteria for harvesting are: the flower ball is fully enlarged, the texture is dense, the surface is round and the edges are not yet scattered. The method of checking the base of the flower bulb can also be used to judge the timely harvesting period, that is, to check the base of the flower ball. If the base flower branch is slightly loose, it is suitable for harvesting. At this time, the flower ball has grown sufficiently, the yield is high, and the quality is also high. it is good. Harvesting affects production too early, and quality is degraded too late.

Cut the flower ball when harvesting, each flower ball with 4-6 leaflets, used to protect the flower ball from damage during transportation to keep the flower ball fresh and tender.

(Ma Guoqing)

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