Spring sowing crops should pay attention to the selection and fertilization position of fertilizer

The specific role and necessity of seed fertilizer

Fertilizer is a method of fertilizing a small amount of fertilizer under the seed when the crop is planted. Different places are called different methods. For example, the northeast region refers to the fertilizer as “mouth fertilizer”. Fertilizer is a fertilization method that saves fertilizer and improves fertilizer efficiency.

The specific role of the seed fertilizer is mainly to achieve strong seedlings, laying the foundation for the final high yield of the crop. The seedling growth of Spring sowing corn, cotton and soybeans does not require much nutrient. The quantity of seed fertilizer is required to be small and refined, but the response of crop seedlings to nutrient levels is very strict and sensitive, especially for general crops for phosphorus nutrition. The critical period of demand is in the seedling stage. If there is a slight deficiency in phosphorus supply, the symptoms of phosphorus deficiency will occur and affect the later yield. Therefore, the seed fertilizer is particularly demanding for the supply of phosphate fertilizer. For example, the yellow leaf symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in the third leaf stage of maize; yellow leaf disease occurs in the absence of phosphorus in soybean seedlings. Once the symptoms of phosphorus deficiency occur in the seedling stage, even if the phosphate fertilizer is replenished in the middle and late stages, it is difficult to compensate for the loss caused by phosphorus deficiency at this time. Especially when planting corn and soybeans in soils that are not too fertile or do not apply organic fertilizers all the year round, it is necessary to combine the seeding and application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. In modern high-yield cultivation, this has become an effective mature technology for cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yields.

Phosphorus-based nitrogen

Fertilizers for spring-sown crops require phosphate fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer. It not only promotes growth but also keeps seedlings strong. The spring crops such as corn, cotton and soybean need phosphorus urgently. The application of phosphorus fertilizer can promote the development of roots and improve the stress resistance of seedlings, so as to resist the adverse conditions such as cold or drought in spring to reach the goal of Miaoqi and Miaozhuang.

In the amount of fertilizer applied, the amount of seed fertilizer is much less than that of the base fertilizer. Fertilizers with fertilizers can be used with both unit and compound fertilizers. First of all, in the unit phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate is a quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, which can be used as a seed fertilizer, and the suitable dosage is between 6 and 10 kg per mu. Among the unit nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium sulfate is used as a seed fertilizer, which has no adverse effect on seed germination, and is an ideal nitrogen fertilizer variety. The dosage per acre is 5 kg. Other nitrogen fertilizer varieties are not all suitable for seed fertilizer. As far as urea is concerned, because of its high nitrogen content, it is generally not suitable for seed fertilizer. If only urea is used as seed fertilizer, the dosage should be controlled. It is suitable to apply 5 kg of urea per mu, and the biuret content in the urea product should not be required. More than 1%.

Among the compound fertilizers, diammonium phosphate is a quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus binary compound fertilizer with high total nutrient and phosphorus-based nitrogen supplementation, which is suitable for various crops as seed fertilizer. In the northeastern region, spring peas and soybeans, farmers are accustomed to use diammonium phosphate as a mouth fertilizer, the average dosage is 3 to 5 kg per mu, the effect is very good. Experts suggest that high-nitrogen compound fertilizers have high nitrogen content and low phosphorus content, which is inconsistent with the requirements of seed fertilizers. The application rate is slightly higher, and the high concentration of urea-based nitrogen inhibits seed germination. In recent years, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has been used. The burning accident caused by seed fertilizer is more serious and widespread.

Precisely grasp the location of fertilizer application

Do not directly contact the seeds to prevent burning and burning. Phosphorus-nitride fertilizer should be applied to a certain depth below or below the seed to ensure stability. It is better to isolate 2~5 cm between seed and fertilizer. Especially when high concentrations of diammonium phosphate and urea are applied as seed fertilizers, the amount of control must not be large, and direct contact with seeds should be avoided. Under mechanical sowing conditions, the seeds and fertilizers should be removed from the two storage tanks and two pipes, so that the fertilizer and seeds are not on the same soil to ensure safe emergence.

Peasant Daily (Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Cao Yiping)
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