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German company Ewe Gasspeicher GmbH has announced plans to build the world's largest battery. The system known as "Brine 4" will be placed in a huge underground salt cave that was previously used as a natural gas storage facility. Each battery has a volume of 3.5 million cubic feet, a battery capacity of 700MWh, and an output of 120MW.
Currently, if you want to carry out grid-scale energy storage, there are currently two main options. The first is the most common pumped storage. It is like a standard hydroelectric power plant, but in turn, the pump moves a large amount of water up to the pool to store energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. When the battery is “dischargedâ€, it is only necessary to open the gate and let the water flow down, and the normal operation of the hydropower station can generate electricity.
Another option, which is also the main technology used in the German project plan, is called the redox battery. It stores energy in the form of a liquid electrolyte. There is an anode cathode electrolyte and a negative anode anolyte, which are separated by a membrane that only allows ions to pass through. When charging, the ions move to the anolyte side, and they move backwards when discharged. Compared with lithium-ion batteries, this process requires about 100 times more space per unit of energy storage, but it is more environmentally friendly.
The "Brine 4" system stores energy directly in the liquid. This system can theoretically provide about 75,000 households with the electricity needed for a day. In addition, Elon Musk recently announced that Tesla plans to build the world's largest lithium-ion battery in Australia. If only in terms of size, the size of this redox battery in Germany is five times that of the former.
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