Fertilizers for citrus fruit trees are divided into organic and inorganic fertilizers, as well as compound fertilizers and microbial fertilizers.
1 , organic fertilizer
   Including human, livestock, poultry manure and manure, bran fertilizer, compost, green manure, fertilizers made from various animal and plant residues, mud fertilizer, biogas liquid fertilizer and fruit fertilizer. Generally, organic fertilizer cannot be directly used by citrus, but the soil is decomposed by microorganisms to produce various inorganic compounds in a simple form, and various effective nutrients are released, which can be absorbed by the citrus fruit tree and also produce humus. Humus is an important part of the soil. It is an organic colloid containing various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and potassium. It combines with inorganic colloids in the soil to form an organic, inorganic colloidal mixture. The amount of humus in the soil is an important indicator of soil fertility.
   Commonly used organic fertilizers are:
   (1) Human excrement: Human excrement contains high nitrogen, rich in organic matter, but less phosphorus and potassium. Fresh human excrement can not be directly absorbed by the citrus fruit tree, and harmful effects can also occur, and it is used as a top dressing. The long-term use of red loam will cause the lime in the soil to become calcium chloride loss, which will increase the acidity of the soil.
   (2) Livestock excrement and manure: Livestock manure has a high content of organic matter, usually high in nitrogen and potassium, and less in phosphorus, especially suitable for saplings before the result. Pig manure has a long-lasting effect, often called warm fertilizer; cow manure is slower and is a cold fertilizer; chicken manure contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is a kind of high content in human and livestock manure, and it is very strong. It needs to be stacked before it can be applied. It is best to make the above-mentioned several kinds of manure, and also mix livestock, poultry manure and human excrement into water and fertilizer. The manure is slowly decomposed and has a long-lasting effect. After application, it can improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase soil fertility and water retention capacity. Especially suitable for wintering base fertilizer.
   (3) Bran fertilizer: It is a complete fertilizer with appropriate proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and contains other ingredients, which is the best fertilizer for ponkan. The bran has peanut bran, tung bran, tea bran, rapeseed bran and soy cake. Peanut bran and rapeseed bran are more effective, and the rest are later. Bran fertilizer is often used as a base fertilizer, and it should be applied as a top dressing after crushing or fermentation.
   (4) Composting: Composting is a crop residue, weed, turf mud, garbage, green manure, lime, human excrement, etc. It is made from high temperature fermentation and is a good organic fertilizer.
   (5) Green manure: Green manure is the main fertilizer source for improving the soil of the citrus orchard, and is rich in organic matter.
2 , inorganic fertilizer
   There are many types of inorganic fertilizers, and the components thereof are usually various inorganic salts obtained by combining a base group such as ammonium, potassium, calcium or sodium with an acid group such as nitric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid or chlorine. There are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer (micro fertilizer).
   Inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), soluble in water or weak acid, easy to be absorbed and utilized by citrus, available for quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, fast in fertilizer and easy to use. However, improper application will affect the growth of the plant, causing the soil to deteriorate (consolidation), acidification, and alkali.
   (1) Urea: Urea has a nitrogen content of 46%, neutral, soluble in water, and converted into ammonium carbonate when applied to soil. It is a quick-acting fertilizer and is often used for top dressing. Generally, when the soil temperature is 10 °C, it takes 7 to 10 days for urea to be converted into ammonium carbonate, 4 to 5 days for 20 °C, and only 2 to 3 days for decomposition at 30 °C. There is no side effect on the soil, but the by-component carbonic acid produced by the absorption is not good for root growth, so it cannot be applied in depth.
   (2) Ammonium sulfate: ammonium sulfate contains 20% nitrogen, is acidic, soluble in water, and has quick fertilizer effect. After application, it is adsorbed by soil colloid or ammonium ion is quickly absorbed, and it is suitable for topdressing. Excessive application becomes too much nitrate nitrogen and is easily lost. Long-term use will acidify the soil and avoid the use of acid soil. Note that it should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as lime, grass ash, calcium magnesium phosphate, lime nitrogen, etc. during application to avoid nitrogen loss.
   (3) Ammonium bicarbonate: 17% nitrogen, alkaline, extremely unstable in nature, is a volatile ammonia odor that is highly volatile and pungent and smoked. Soluble in water, decomposes ammonium and carbonate ions in aqueous solution, can be absorbed by roots, is a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, must be used for top dressing when topdressing, immediately after application. Can be mixed with superphosphate, but can not be mixed with alkaline fertilizer, can not contact with the root, so as to avoid nitrogen loss, rotten root.
   (4) Superphosphate: Containing 14% to 20% of available phosphorus, strong acid fertilizer, soluble in water, is a quick-acting fertilizer. Because of the post-application, it is insoluble with lime, iron and aluminide in the soil. In order to exert its fertilizer effect, it can be mixed with organic fertilizers such as compost, and is often used as a base fertilizer.
   (5) Potassium sulphate: 50% potassium oxide, is a physiological acid fertilizer, soluble in water, quick-acting, potassium ions can be directly absorbed and utilized by roots after being applied to the soil, and can also be adsorbed by soil colloids, but it can be used continuously and used more. Soil acidification. Since citrus is a chlorine-free crop, potassium chloride is generally not applied. Potassium sulphate is better combined with compost and superphosphate.
3 , compound fertilizer
   Fertilizers containing two or more of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are called compound fertilizers. There are chemically synthesized compound fertilizers, such as ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.; compound fertilizers (including slow-acting compound fertilizers); mixed compound fertilizers (including organic-inorganic compound fertilizers). Because of the application of labor saving, the fertilizer touches the soil surface is small, the fertilizer effect is long, and contains 2 to 3 kinds of elements, which is very beneficial to the growth of the citrus.
4 , microbial fertilizer
   Fertilizers containing live microorganisms produced by specific microbial strains. Such as rhizobium (agent) fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (agent) fertilizer, phosphorus bacteria (agent) fertilizer, antibiotic (agent) fertilizer.
   In addition, with the development of the citrus industry and the fertilizer industry, trace element fertilizers (micro-fertilizers) play an important role. Some citrus groves and micro-fertilizers hinder production and development, such as citrus flowers, which are mainly boron-deficient; red soil The zinc deficiency in the citrus orchard causes the tree to be seriously debilitated, and the flowers fall and fall; the purple soil hills and the citrus groves are generally iron-deficient, and the plants appear yellow, etc., all of which need to be applied to solve the micro-fertilizer.
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