“The competitiveness of our Chinese-made products is based on low cost and low cost, and it is untenable.â€
-- Lin Zuoming On April 28, at the press conference on the development of the industrial communications industry in the first quarter of the State Council Information Office, Wang Liming, spokesperson and chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the "Made in China 2025 Plan" (hereinafter referred to as "Made in China 2025") The overall plan has been reviewed and approved by the State Council executive meeting. The program will focus on five major projects of intelligent manufacturing, industrial strong base, green manufacturing, high-end equipment innovation and national manufacturing innovation center, combined with the information application of “Internet +†to promote the healthy development of manufacturing.
Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in an interview that the plan was based on a strategic argument for more than 150 experts from the Chinese Academy of Engineering. We spent more than a year working out.
Guanqiao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said, "We generally need three years or so to complete China's transition from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power. "Made in China 2025" is the first decade of action.
China's manufacturing industry moves from the low end to the high end, which industries can stand out from the crowd, high-speed rail? big aeroplane? How does Chinese manufacturing change the image of “cottage, cheap, and poor quality�
On May 3, Lin Zuoming, Chairman of China Aviation Industry Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "China Aviation Industry"), entered the CCTV "Dialogue" column and accepted an exclusive interview with China Economic Weekly after the recording. The leader of the carrier company with 23 listed companies and assets of 100 billion yuan talked to reporters about the development path of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry.
Accelerate "Made in China 2025", industrialization and information integration should accelerate
Lin Zuoming said that China's current "Made in China 2025" has a lot to do with the development of Internet technology. "In the face of this wave of change, the competitiveness of our Chinese-made products is only based on low cost and low cost, and it is untenable." Lin Zuoming said.
Lin Zuoming explained the labor cost advantage as an example. In the past, our labor cost advantage relied heavily on the education dividend. He said that in response to the past low-end manufacturing industry, nine-year compulsory education system will suffice, junior high school students are enough to fight the world, and education costs are low. But now that the high-end manufacturing workers have raised their education costs, he will not be just junior high school students. On the other hand, if the robot replaces the workers on the production line, the cost will be lower. If a robotic production line is used in the United States as an aerospace component, the cost is the same as in China and Africa. Maybe the robots purchased in the US are cheaper, so that China's labor cost advantage will be weakened.
Not only has the labor cost changed, but with the advancement of information technology, the production methods of manufacturing enterprises have also changed.
Lin Zuoming took out a mouse at the scene of the recording. He said that this is a symbol that symbolizes the current information technology. Lin Zuoming said that aircraft manufacturing has many complex geometrically constructed components that require computer simulation. It is very difficult to express geometric space. When using three views (measured, overlooked, or square) or can't express it, it is necessary to enlarge the sample. (Editor's Note: It means to draw parts according to the construction drawing according to the size of 1:1, so as to facilitate Actual production).
"In the past, there was only one way to create a real thing to express. It is almost to build a plane of 1:1 real size when building a plane. Then it is not possible to look at this part inside." Lin Zuoming said.
Before the informatization, let alone build a plane, even a foot pad on the car is painstaking. Zhang Guoxin, deputy general manager and chief information officer of AVIC, recalled in the recording of "Dialogue" that in the 1990s, our automobile manufacturer encountered a problem of making car mats. Because the foot mat is a three-dimensional space, not flat, how to do it. After thinking a lot of ways, an old worker put it in a newspaper and cut the exit in a undulating place to make a mat.
Nowadays, all geometric shapes can be done on the computer first, and the information technology greatly improves the manufacturing efficiency of the aircraft.
For example, Lin Zuoming said that the aircraft that used to be a J-10 had been used for 12 years from the start of the project development and the first flight of the first aircraft. Then it took another 6 years to achieve the finalization. Later, we made a 200-ton class aircraft like a large transport aircraft. It was much more complicated than the J-10 aircraft. The result was that none of the drawings were available. All of them were ungraphicized. All were designed on the computer. At this speed, only 5 were used. It took more than a year to complete all the work and made the first flight.
Zhang Guoxin said that informatization has changed the experimental process of aircraft design and manufacturing, but in fact there is still a gap between China and foreign countries. Because Boeing 777 achieved the first unplanned design of the entire aircraft 10 to 15 years ago.
"The key is not to have paper and no paper. Now the western operators are operating with the iPad, and there are images, videos, instructions, and operating instructions. The things that come out are not only fast, but also no mistakes, more important. The new labor force will be involved quickly, the learning will be very fast, and the knowledge transfer of the previous generation will be thorough. This is a change in information and knowledge to the industrial process." Zhang Guoxin said.
The difference in engine investment between China and the United States is huge: the United States has invested more than 100 billion US dollars, and China has only 500 million yuan. However, China Manufacturing has faced many difficulties in the upgrading process, and the funding gap is one of them. Taking the aero engine as an example, Lin Zuoming, who is studying engine, has always been very concerned about the development of aviation engines and has great feelings. He has repeatedly called on China's aviation engines to be poor.
In March 2007, the domestic large-scale passenger aircraft project was established. The project aims to develop and manufacture large passenger aircraft with a take-off weight of more than 100 tons, represented by C919. In 2014, the C919 realized the docking work of the aircraft, and the fuselage, wing and tail were fully realized in China. However, the "heart" of the C919 still needs to import the LEAP-X1C engine developed by CFM International, a joint venture between General Electric and France Safran.
Lin Zuoming believes that China's aero engine is worse than the developed countries. "Which industry in China is not bad money, the engine is poor." Lin Zuoming said that because the aero engine is an experimental technology, there must be enough investment to do the experiment, the engine technology maturity is directly proportional to the funds invested, the investment The bigger, the easier it is to mature. On the contrary, its mature time and technical mastery will be delayed.
The aero engine is known as the jewel in the crown of the industry, and there are only a few companies with research and development capabilities around the world. The difficulty is imaginable. Lin Zuoming said that the aero engine is an experimental technology. The characteristics of the aero engine are that the product has a long life cycle, generally around 50 years.
“There are a lot of money, the cycle is very long, it is very difficult to make money in the short term. The whole development process relies on experimentation, and finally the successful product can be obtained. But the huge benefit of the aero engine investment is that the product has a long life, at least 30 years, and some even 50. Still selling after the year." Lin Zuoming said.
Lin Zuoming told reporters that once a long time, many aero engine factories could not afford to pay even their wages, and they were on the verge of bankruptcy. He himself had saved the two large-scale aircraft engines that were on the verge of bankruptcy. Moreover, many students of this major do not engage in professional-related work after graduation. A small number of high-end talents who study engine engineering in China have read master's degrees and read doctoral degrees. They all quit to engage in real estate and engage in finance.
For example, Lin Zuoming said that from the early 1950s to the beginning of this century, the United States invested more than 100 billion US dollars in basic research on aero-engines, and China invested an estimated 500 million yuan.
"This is the gap, so I said that bad money is not irresponsible. It really needs to concentrate financial resources, to do a lot of experiments, and to improve the overall level of aviation engines through various experiments." Lin Zuoming said.
In January 2009, the state set up a special aviation engine company of AVIC (Editor's Note: the company is a subsidiary of AVIC), became the main unit of China's large passenger aircraft engine project, and was responsible for the development of the Yangtze River 1000A engine matched with C919. .
"The main problem of aviation engines is still dry. The important thing is to do it. Our group has raised 10 billion yuan to promote the development of the engine." Lin Zuoming said.
Some market participants believe that after this round of big aircraft boom, the national capital of the domestic engine industry can reach as high as 100 billion yuan, and its driving effect will surely benefit the whole system.
For the large-scale domestic aircraft project that has received much attention, Lin Zuoming said that according to the news that China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd., which is responsible for the development of China's large passenger aircraft project, has been released many times, the C919 will complete the final assembly in 2015. At present, all the tasks undertaken by AVIC have been smoothly carried out in accordance with the overall requirements of COMAC.
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